Concrete accepts a sealer only when it is dry, clean and seasoned. A fresh slab is still giving off mix water and will push any coating off with it.
- Remove cement laitance and mortar residue - left under the sealer, they come away with it.
- Degrease the surface. Oil stains need an alkaline cleaner, not a detergent.
- Primed or painted floors need the old coating removed; a penetrating sealer will not bond through paint.
- Check the moisture in the substrate. Some solvent-based products require below 5-6 % - the figure is in the technical data.
- Ventilate the room if you are working with a solvent-based product indoors.
A new floor and fresh precast units have to season. Manufacturers give that period on the data sheet; for precast concrete it is usually around 28 days.
Before sealing the whole area, test on a patch hidden by a planter or in a corner of the patio. The same product can read differently on two batches of the same material, and on a surface with old coating left on it, it will not bond at all.